Analysis Of Aircraft Maintenance

Analysis Of Aircraft MaintenanceAs all(prenominal)one knows, nowadays aircraft has become the most important transferee for every involvement. But the most important is people who are travelling with aircraft. The lives of the people on the aircraft are important. Each and every airlines in this world today, are nerve-racking to convince people that they are the safest airliner, but the main question is, are they re aloney safe as what they mentioned? Aircraft maintenance activities are generally divided into twain categories, which are, working on-aircraft and working off-aircraft. Working on-aircraft is when the technician or the locomotive locomotiveer has to troubleshoot, repaired, everywherehauled and changing separate. While working off-aircraft is when there is any break downs on the aircraft been re send awayd and need to be projected separately from the aircraft, for example aircraft battery check, which needs to be removed and taken to battery shop in send to con tinue inspection or charging.Normally, every clear maintenance organization mustiness have store surgical incision that subprogram to receive and issue every collapse, component and appliances. For that reason, this store department must comply with storage regulations as stated in clear maintenance organization requirements such as EASA originate 145.A.42 and CAA CAP 562 Civil Aircraft Airworthiness breeding and Procedures (CAAIP) recommendations.Aircraft is not like other transportations, everything separate that being installed on the aircraft must be trustworthy, neither like car, it can use a fake separate in hunting lodge to safe woo. But aircraft is nothing close to that. If fake or imitation parts are being used on the aircraft, every psyche lives on that aircraft are in jeopardy. But today, the news of civil aviation authority and aircraft manufacturers are working hard tracking down and cancel come out counterfeit parts as well as tracing aircraft parts whic h are lacks of documentation are all over the world.In this assignment a research, analyse, and critically evaluate of maintenance practices in a civil commercial aircraft environment, concerning the use and control of genuine and non-genuine ( false) spare parts for aircraft use give be carried out.TERMS AND DEFINITIONSThese terms and definition is taken from FAA un approve parts investigation in unanimity with the source from FAA (2011) and M. Mohamad (2003).BOGUS PARTS Describe several parts categories, ranging from flopmanufactured parts lacking required documentation to defectiveand deliberately counterfeited parts.Under FAA regulations, all aircraftUNAPPROVED PARTS parts manufactured without FAA blessing (specifically FARs character reference 21.305 or repaired low the terms of Part 43) are unapprovedparts. This catchall classification includes counterfeit parts, stolen parts, production overruns sold without authorization, parts in exceedance of their time limits, appro ved parts improperly returned to service, and fraudulently mark parts, or parts which have no traceability.COUNTERFEIT PARTS Parts made of inferior properties.APPROVED PARTS production standards (FAR 21.305). They can be approved under a Parts Manufacturer Approval (PMA), under Technical Standard Orders (TSOS), in conjunction with typecertification procedures through FAA administration approval, or by conformist to recognized Industry specifications.LIFE-LIMITED AND TIME-EXPIRED PARTS Aircraft parts that have predetermined service lives become timed out and no longer utile after surpassing these prescribed limits. Illegal use of scrapped, time-expired critical parts, which do not have to be destroyed foregoing to disposal orsale as scrap, has been tie in to several fatal aircraft accidents.APPROVED MANUFACTURERThere few things an orgnanisation must look in before making parts determine. This is to prevent from making order from fake manufacturer. The organisation must make sur e the part from the manufacturer is approved by FAA or EASA under 14 CFR Part 21 and EASA Part 21. An approved part manufacturer must be certified as FAA-PMA (FAA-Part Manufacturer Approval) or EASA Production Organisation Approval (POA). According to the FAA web pageboy under Suspected Unapproved Part (SUP) Program (FAA, updated 19 December 2008), the buyer or any organization who want to order parts can hang all the current approved PMA from the FAA database.According to CAA CAAIP Part 1 Leaflet 1-6 (20061), unapproved aircraft parts or materials classified ifParts or materials not conform to an approved type design.Parts or materials fail to conform to state specification or accepted industry standard (standard parts).Parts or materials marked by unauthorised source with false documentation.Parts not been maintain, overhauled or repaired in accordance with the requirements of approved airworthiness data and/or statutory requirements, or by persons not authorised to perform and certify those functions.Parts that directly shipped to the end user by manufacturers, suppliers or distributers who do not hold appropriate production approvals and not been authorised to make the direct shipment to user by Type Certificates holder.While for an approved parts buyer were advised and recommended to follow the minimum procedures preceding to place any order of aircraft parts which According to FAA Advisory Circular AC 21-29C (20081) has mentioned the term of approved parts are produced in accordance with the delegacy outlined in Part 21. The procedures that the buyer needs to follow are as below.Identify the distributors and/or suppliers including their documentation system and receiving inspection system visit the traceability of parts to an FAA approved source.Evaluate and cross-checked to unfamiliar distributors and/or suppliers in order to prevent from putting the aircraft parts into risk condition.Identify the significant reduce of cost than the expenditur ed quoted by other distributors and/or suppliers of the same part.Identify the delivery schedule offered to other distributors and/or suppliers (when the stock of a like item is exhausted). Usually the bogus manufacturer offer shorter delivery.Sales quotes or discussions from unidentified distributors that create the perception that an unlimited supply of parts, components, or material is available to the end user.A bogus distributor and/or suppliers inability to provide substantiating documentation that the part was produced in accordance to an FAA approval, or inspected, repaired, overhauled, preserved, or altered in accordance with the CFR. both parts, components or appliances that need to be released must has come with Statement of Conformity or Authorised waiver Document which signed and stamped by an authorised personnel attitude from the approved manufacturer. Besides all the above, the approved manufacturer must similarly include or have Export Certificates of Airworthin ess stated under 14 CFR Part 21 Subpart L Export Airworthiness Approval by releasing FAA Form 8130-3 Airworthiness Release Tag for export.Advices from the authorities, have mentioned clearly to the buyer to put extra vigilance on choosing the aircraft part dealers and before attempting any purchase order. On 21st January 1992 the FAA had issued an Airworthiness Directives AD 91-24-14 (Transport Airplane Directorate Designee Newsletter, 199210), just about the incident of Pratt Whitney JT8D series turbofan engine regarding the bogus 4-1/2 bearing seal spacer found by United Airline mechanic during routine maintenance inspection. The FAA had find out that bogus spacer was contributed to engine bearing seal deterioration and cause the engine failure which can put the flight jeopardy.Therefore all the buyer and part manufacturers must be alert on recommendation of the authority in terms or avoiding bogus part or fake part to be used on aircraft.COMPONENTS DELIVERYChoosing the approv ed part manufacturer is one thing. The other crucial part that any organization or part manufacturers need to look into is the components delivery. Whenever order is placed, it must be distributed by the standard couriers that have good reputation in delivering goods. The organisation or part manufacturers must make sure the components distributor or courier is recommended by both parties in order to confirm the auspices of the components delivery. In accordance with CAAIP (20096) Part 1 Leaflet 1-12 The Acceptance of Aircraft instalment under point 5 Distributor, the aircraft component distributors are not required to be approved by the CAA. The components distributor also cannot raise the Authorised Release Document, not required to provide any technical expertise to confirm the status of the aircraft components.So, any component received from the distributor, it is the storage department which is end user who is responsible to request the Authorised Release Document that releas e by approved organisation and establish the acceptability of the components itself before any installation of the part to the aircraft can be made. There is also Other thing that can happen such If the original distributor doesnt want to pass the components documents to end user, if this happened it is pleasing if another distributor endorsed the original distributors documentation according to reference shape given.Authorised Release Documentation of the aircraft component is on file, Ref. No. and will be made available to the end user upon request from that end user (CAAIP Part 1 Leaflet 1-12, 20086)A further advice by CAA CAAIP Part 1 Leaflet 1-6 (20061), if the parts are delivered by direct shipment from manufacturer, it has got to have an authorisation letter by the Type Certificates holder to do so. If any parts are shipped to the end user by direct delivery from the manufacturers, who do not hold appropriate production approval, it will then be declared as bogus parts or unapproved parts.In accordance to Advisory Circular 00-56A (200212), the distributor must have Distributors Certification Letter in order to improve the eligibility of the aircraft parts and products for installation to type-certificated products. This organisation is part of FAA agency that works to conform and audit the quality system of the distributor accordance to FAA recommendation.By doing this, the security of the parts delivery will be achieved in order to reduce the bogus part usage.ACCEPTANCE OF PARTSFollowing to the store requirements, the organization must show how they going to guarantee that all the parts received are genuine (ICAT Module 1063). For that reason the organization must ensure all the parts are from approved source that has traceability and biography. In 1992, according to the bogus part cases, FAA had mentioned to the aviation communities to be alert on current issue in Aviation Maintenance Alerts (FAA, updated on 25 April 2008).The purpose of this m aintenance alert is to share any reading about the current maintenance experiences especially about the bogus parts usage in order to improve aeronautical product durability, reliability and safety. Now days lot of bogus parts that looks comparable to original parts. So the organisation need to be alert on this kind of situation in order to make sure only approved parts are install or use on the aircraft.STOREAs an approved organisation, there are two types of store must be existed which are insulate store and bonded store. Both storage stations must be separated in order to prevent from mixing up the serviceable and unserviceable items. Further explanations of both stores are as below.Bonded store In this storage area, all the parts are ready to be installed tothe aircraft and being monitored on its ledge life and eligibility. Some organisation has placed the approved parts under their own storage reference. This way is easy to keep track the parts eligibility and all the docum ents can be managed in a better way. If any of the parts are issued from this storage area, it is the responsibility of the mechanic or the engineer to check the parts and appropriate documents in order to confirm its airworthiness before installed to the aircraft. This maintenance practice can help reduce the bogus parts from being used. isolate store All new materials which have been received from the distributor must be placed in the quarantine store first, at which time the stores inspectors will check that all items are received. Below are the procedures that need to be carried out by the store inspectors.The inspector must confirm the specification and the force requirements. claveror must inspect in order to ensure the goods received are free from damage or corrosionInspector must also noticed that the items are received with sufficient time left to enable the item to be stored for a reasonable period in the case of shelf life itemThe store inspector must ensure the items r eceived are accompanied by necessary airworthiness certificateWhen all these procedure has been carried out and the store inspectors are satisfied, that the incoming spares are fully airworthy they will then produce a good receipt number to the item for confederation internal identification and traceability. All items with the serviceable tag are sent to the bonded store. Parts which are considered to be airworthy will stay in quarantine store until instructions are received for their handling.INDENTIFY AND HANDLING BOGUS PARTSAccording to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) system surveillance and analysis division, every organisation or distributor should create procedures before purchasing parts in order to found qualified suppliers authorized to make or move FAA approved parts. The following criteria can help identify and screen out potential SUPs suppliers1. Lowball prices if the price quoted or advertised is significantly lower than the price from other suppliers of the sa me part2. Suspiciously fast service if the delivery schedule for an out-of-stock part is significantly shorter than from others3. Data shortage if the supplier seems unable or unwilling to substantiate conformity of the part4. Papertrail shortage if the supplier seems slow, or unable to document FAA approval for the part.If any of these types of situations arise, organization or distributor shouldInspect product containers for damage, another suppliers name, or no markings at allCrosscheck purchase orders with the delivery receipts for proper part number or component history cardDevelop a system for tracking the shelf or service life of parts so as not to inadvertently use a part with an expired life limitVerify that part identification markings arent altered or otherwise tampered with things like a serial number stamped over, an improper label, a missing label or a serial number stamped at a spot different than usualInspect parts for visual defects or abnormalities, such as alt ered or unusual surface finishes, the absence of, or variation in, required plating, any evidence of prior use, new paint, old scratches, pitting, corrosion or any sign of an attempted repairAudit your supplier to ensure they establish and maintain the quality requirements stipulate in the purchase order.The CAA and FAA will exchange this report and work together in order to trace the unapproved manufacturers. This report will support the users to be much concern about the non-genuine parts besides helping the authorities to prevent from the non-genuine parts to be installed or used for aircraft.FAA RULES AND REGULATIONS.1. FAA Part 21 Section L Export Airworthiness ApprovalThis approval is issued for new or used aircraft manufactured according to Subpart F and G meet the airworthiness requirements outlined in Subpart H. An export airworthiness approval for an aircraft is issued in the form of an export certificate of airworthiness. This certificate does not authorize operation of that aircraft. The FAA prescribes the form and manner in which an export airworthiness approval for an aircraft engine, propeller, or term is issued.Under this subpart also provide the responsibilities for the exporters which all documents specified must be forwarded to the country or jurisdiction. The products and articles must pack and preserve as necessary in order to protect it against corrosion and damage during transit or storage and also must be in effective state on period of delivery.2. Advisory Circular 00-56A Voluntary Industry Distributor Accreditation ProgramThis advisory circular provides information about the system of accreditation of civil aircraft parts distributors by the FAA. The information in this AC has been revised in order to meet current changes in regulatory requirements and industry practices thus to improve the ability of certificated person to establish the eligibility of parts and products for installation on type-certificated products.Under this AC also provide the guideline for the aircraft parts distributors to be accredited thus reducing the trouble of non-genuine aircraft parts in delivery system. All the accredited distributors will be given a certification letter or certificate approved by Accreditation Organisation.3. Electronic use of the Authorised Release Certificate, FAA Form 8130-3, Airworthiness Approval TagAccording to FAA Order 8130.21G (20095-1), under this topic the FAA provide guidance on toleration and use of the electronic exchange FAA Form 8130-3 use of such electronic documentation for aircraft products and articles.This electronic FAA Form 8130-3 and other corresponding EASA and TCCA forms offer several advantages over the current paper format. FAA also provides information in procedures for use of this electronic 8130-3 Form. The authorised person must follow all the guidelines and notify their geographic FAA office before implementing the electronic form according to chapter 2, 3 and 4 of this order . Basically the issuances of the form must be in paper format in accordance with the appropriate chapter of this order.This order also provides sample of the necessary electronic 8130-3 Form as attached in the appendix.CONCLUSIONEven though many incumbrance actions has been taken by the authorities to remind part manufacturers and aircraft companies how dangerous bogus parts are, but still there are a lot of non genuine parts being sold in the market. It is not only the part manufacturers fault, but as well as the aircraft company, who is trying to cut down cost on maintenance services due to the economy problem. As a result they decided to buy bogus or non genuine parts from the part manufacturer. So, are all the aircraft in the world are saved to travel with? Are the passengers lives or safety comes first? Or are the only thing they can think of is about losing money on using genuine aircraft parts.