Ethical problems Essay

What is ethics?The most common way of defining ethics they ar norms for conduct that distinguish between or acceptable or unacceptable behavior. (http//www.apa.org/ethics/)Most sight learn ethical norms at home, in school, in church, or in other social settings.Human rights The basic rights and freedoms, to which all human beingss are entitled, often held to include the right to life and liberty, freedom of thought and expression, and comparison before the law.I would like to talk to you about privacy and confidentiality. Privacy the quality or condition of being secluded from the presence or get wind of others. (http//www.answers.com/topic ) Confidentiality Containing study whose unauthorized disclosure could be injurious to either or both parties.Not all the ethical issues have clear answers roughly hinge on researchers judgment and scruples.Need for respect.Privacy and confidentiality should be fairly self explanatory. We need to be sensible as health check practitioners a nd respect the need for the protection of in-person privacy in data, and need to facilitate admission fee to data for research purposes. Respect The state of being regarded with find or esteem. Respect has great importance in everyday life, as children we are taught (one hopes) to respect our parents, other peoples feelings and rights.Dramatic events of World contend II.Respect for patients as individuals prior to, during and after the research is one of the key issues of dramatic and horrifying events of World War II and the Nuremberg military tribunals highlight the debasing and inhuman consequences of research without respect for the individual.History When dignity was taken away from people.History has played a large factor in the way people are treated and respected in present day. One particular incident is the Nuremberg military tribunals which played a major part in how human research is viewed concerning peoples rights. This code was formed in 1947 and still plays a bi g roll in research today. (Genocide. First relating to the Holocaust. It was not listed as a aversion in the Nuremberg courts charter, but after pressure from Raphael Lempkin the scholar who had actually coined the term genocide prosecutors included it in indictments against some of the major Nazis on trial, and their closing remarks. http//iwpr.net/pdf/ account statementing_justice_p1_w.pdf ).This was one scenario that took away, the rights and dignity of human beings. Another example of history that has disrespected human kind, was UNIT 731, this was biological warfare research on humans by the Japanese army. It is events like these that have shaped how ethics have come about in todays society.Making decisions that wouldnt be damaging.Hows peoples respect and dignity protected today? What if during the course of research, an investigator notices that a person seems to have a learning disability or some other treatable condition? The decision to portion this culture with guardia ns or other services that could help shouldnt be made lightly, since sharing datarmation of uncertain validity may create damaging misconceptions about that person. On the other hand researchers need to k without delay and inform participants of their legal responsibility to report abuse or neglect or any other illegal activity of which they become aware (Papalia, Olds, Feldman Human Development p.56).Privacy questions are as well as raised when employers expand the depth of their searches, sometimes including psychological, polygraph and even medical record checks. The privacy of medical records is of growing concern. Our medical history contains extremely sensitive information, and access to it should therefore be limited. However insurance providers, researchers, have an interest in obtaining and using our information.Example from national nine news.There was a story on the news about how private our own(prenominal) details kindle be? (http/aca.ninemsn.com.au/article, Fri 07 /07/06). Victorian MP Anna Bourke says there are numerous ways in which our personal information is traded. There are cases of doctors giving out patient information to drug companies, private schools selling off old student lists, it goes on and on. counterbalance Centerlink has been caught out passing on personal information. You dont realize how often you give away your details, she says. We all value our individual personal privacy, trouble is many other people put a price on it to making your personal affairs their business, information that you think is confidential now been bought and sold without your knowledge and without your consent.In one case, being investigated by the Privacy Commission, data was outsourced to and Indian Phone Company called Bricks and Click. Somehow that information ended up on the black market- the names, addresses, drivers license numbers and even Medicare numbers of 1000 Australians. The challenge is to create policy or legislation that can balanc e the legitimate needs of health care and insurance providers with individual rights to privacy.The liking of privacy is ancient.The idea that medical records should be kept private is ancient, expiration back to Hippocratic Oath. The oath stated, whatever, in connection with my professional practice or not in connection with it, I see or hear, in the life of men, which ought not to be spoken of abroad, I will not divulge, as reckoning that all such should be kept secret.http//www.srcd.org/ethicalstandards.htmlThis idea has become one of the keystones of medical ethics doctors should not reveal confidential information about their patients.However, there are certain times when it appropriate to share medical information. In todays medical world, it is common for a person to havemultiple doctors, and to seek treatment from specialists. If medical records are not readily available to doctors, than the patients care ultimately suffers, as information about past treatments and conditi ons could be unavailable.Some questions remain though, how much information should an insurer be privy to? Should they be allowed to check and individuals genetic record? Should they know if an individual has ever taken an HIV/ back up test? How really available should our medical information be, and what steps should be taken to protect it? These important questions are currently unanswered.QuestionsWhy are there so many ethical disputes and issues in our society?How would you feel if your privacy was invaded and information spread around to people who we didnt want to have that info?ReferencesAustralian Institute of health and Welfare (2002). Australias health 2002. Canberra AIHW.Barnsteiner, J., & Prevost, S. (2002). How to implement evidence based practice. Reflections in Nursing Leadership, 28 (2), 18-21.Draper G, Turrell G, & Oldenburg B (2004). Health inequalities in Australia Mortality. Health Inequalities Monitoring Series No 1. Canberra Queensland University of Technology and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.Hamric, A. B., Spross, J.A., Hanson, C.M., (2005) Advanced Practice Nursing. An Interactive Approach (3d ed.). 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