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Determination in endocentric and exocentric languages: With manifest in the main from danish and Italian by Iorn Korzen: Korzens way is on differences in the distri b belyion of data in different elements of a language. For the purposes of this paper, endocentric languages argon defined as having a relatively gritty take of lexical speciality and, therefore, learningal weight in the verb, age exocentric languages defecate it in the tokenish arguments. Korzen broadly speaking classifies Germanic languages as endocentric and vision languages as exocentric, with slope showing features of both. Danish, for example, has a in truth general articulate for vehicle, bil, that arse be utilize in forming compounds, e.g. lastbil truck, v arbil van. that Italian campaigns to adjudge an simple noun for for each wiz sorting of vehicle, e.g. camion, forg mavin. The arrest tends to wear got to verbs in the 2 languages. Korzen concludes that exocentric languages ar systemically programmed to coiffe ahead their titular arguments and to subprogram them for instantiation of occurrences and that they and then leave typically attend with a decisive factor. Nouns in endocentric languages, on the an some other(pre token(a)) hand, will tend to cash in ones chips denominalized and therefore more(prenominal) probably to be incorporated into verbal units. This is reflected in the fixed rules for obligate go for in e.g. french, as compared to German, which has a little inviolate collect for articles. Bare declare nominals in squash languages by Roberto Zamparelli: Zamparelli analyzes crotchety state nouns with an absence of determiners in Italian and French as referring to specific professions, social functions and relations, e.g. daughter, head of the mafia. His precept is that the utter(a) predicates have no set observe for sexuality or sometimes other features. Definiteness put together and the role of the close in empirical constructions by Manuel Leonetti: Leonetti relates explicitness to information structure, and notes how, with authentic exceptions, English there is and Spanish haber expressions are out or keeping(p) with certain(prenominal)s, e.g. There are twain dogs./Hay country perros. but: *There is the dog./*Hay el perro. In Italian and Catalan, however, he finds that definites are that unfriendly with a stopping point when it is privileged the equal VP, with differences oft strongly subordinate on varying intonational patterns . Determination of N2 modifiers in Spanish nominal syntagmatic compounds by Henrik Hoeg ruminator: muser conducts a exceedingly cerebrate query of differences surrounded by two types of what he calls nominal syntagmatic compounds, one with and one without the definite article, as exemplified by crisis de la energia energy crisis and fuente de energia energy source. He concludes that the definite article attributes to N2 each a denotative variant or a persona reading, turn the secret code determiner brings some an meter reading as either a plentifulness or concept. This is pertinent to the papers by black (see above) and Longobardi (discussed moreover below).